चौथो शाखा
संवैधानिक निकाय
तेह्र स्वतन्त्र संवैधानिक निकाय — जसले सरकारलाई जवाफदेही बनाउने, निर्वाचनको रेखदेख गर्ने, अधिकार संरक्षण गर्ने र संघीय संस्थाहरूबाट ऐतिहासिक रूपमा बाहिर रहेका समुदायहरूको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने काम गर्छन्।
यी तेह्र निकाय कार्यपालिका, व्यवस्थापिका र न्यायपालिका भन्दा बाहिर बसेर शक्तिमाथिको चौथो नियन्त्रण प्रणालीका रूपमा काम गर्छन्।
यी निकायहरूको आधार
नेपालको संविधान २०७२ को भाग २७ ले समावेशी आयोगहरूलाई संवैधानिक हैसियत दिएको छ — राष्ट्रिय महिला, दलित, समावेशी, आदिवासी जनजाति, मधेशी, थारू र मुस्लिम आयोग।
अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग, निर्वाचन आयोग, लोक सेवा आयोग र महान्यायाधिवक्ताको कार्यालय — यी चार पुराना निकाय २०७२ अघिदेखि कार्यरत छन्।
२०७२ अघिका, पुनर्संस्थागत
अघिल्ला कानुनहरूबाट सारिएका र नयाँ संवैधानिक हैसियत प्राप्त गरिएका।
अख्तियार दुरूपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग
Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority
Investigate and prosecute corruption and improper conduct by public officials and persons holding public positions.
निर्वाचन आयोग
Election Commission
Conduct, supervise, direct, and control elections for the federal Parliament, provincial assemblies, and local bodies; maintain the voter roll.
राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार आयोग
National Human Rights Commission
Ensure respect, promotion, and protection of human rights; investigate alleged human rights violations; recommend legal or departmental action against violators.
लोक सेवा आयोग
Public Service Commission
Conduct examinations to select candidates for the federal civil service; advise on principles of civil service recruitment, departmental promotion, and service conditions.
समुदायको प्रतिनिधित्व, संविधानद्वारा
२०७२ संविधानको भाग २७ ले समुदायहरूको प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि यी आयोगहरूलाई स्थापना वा संवैधानिक मान्यता दिएको छ।
आदिवासी जनजाति आयोग
Indigenous Nationalities Commission
Study the overall situation of indigenous nationalities; recommend policy, legal and institutional reform; formulate special programs for development and empowerment; preserve indigenous languages, scripts, culture, history, traditions, literature, and art.
भाषा आयोग
Language Commission
Recommend to the Government of Nepal which Nepali languages should be used as official languages by provinces (in addition to Nepali); preserve and promote linguistic diversity; recommend measures for protection, promotion, and development of languages.
मधेशी आयोग
Madhesi Commission
Conduct study and research for the protection of rights and interests of the Madhesi communities; recommend policy reforms.
मुस्लिम आयोग
Muslim Commission
Conduct study and research for the protection of rights and interests of Muslim communities; recommend policy and legal reforms to address inclusion gaps.
राष्ट्रिय दलित आयोग
National Dalit Commission
Study and recommend policy, legal, and institutional reforms to advance Dalit rights; investigate caste-based discrimination; recommend programs for Dalit development.
राष्ट्रिय समावेशी आयोग
National Inclusion Commission
Study the overall situation of communities specified in the Constitution (backward classes, persons with disabilities, senior citizens, labourers, peasants, minority and marginalised communities, and Karnali/Tarai backward regions) and recommend inclusion measures.
राष्ट्रिय महिला आयोग
National Women Commission
Protect and promote the rights and interests of women; recommend policy, legal, and institutional reforms for gender justice and women's development.
थारू आयोग
Tharu Commission
Study and research for the protection of rights and interests of the Tharu community; advise government on Tharu-related policy.
